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Science Corner ~
Sat Mar 09, 2013 8:16 pm
In this Thread, you can only discuss things that are related to Science.
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Science (from Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge") is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.
TOP 10 UPCOMING ASTRONOMICAL EVENTS OF 2013
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10. LYRIDS METEOR SHOWER- Spoiler:
Visible between April 16th and the 25th, but peaking between the 21st and 22nd, the Lyrids Meteor Shower takes place at the same time every year. There are usually between 10 & 20 meteors per hour, but there can be up to 100. The trails these meteors leave behind can last for several minutes. The meteors also cause minuscule flakes of comet dust to collide with the atmosphere at 49 kilometers per second, resulting in further streaks of light.
9. PARTIAL LUNAR ECLIPSE- Spoiler:
A lunar eclipse is when the Earth passes directly between the Sun and the Moon, meaning that the moon enters the shadow cast by the Earth. April 25th will only be a partial eclipse, which means that part of the Moon will be in the Penumbra, where some sunlight will reach it (though less than usual,) and part of it will be in the Umbra, where no sunlight will reach it. This eclipse will last 27 minutes, and be visible in Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia.
The second of three Lunar eclipses due to take place in 2013, a Penumbral lunar eclipse, will occur on May 25th. The final lunar eclipse of the year will take place on October 18th, which will also be Penumbral.
8. SATURN AT OPPOSITION- Spoiler:
On April 28th, the Earth will come directly between Saturn and the Sun. This is called Opposition, because Saturn will be directly opposite the Sun in our sky. It will rush in the East at sunset, and set in the west at sunrise. During the night, it will be the brightest object in our sky. While Saturn will be closer to us than usual for all of 2013, this is when it will be clearest in the sky. Those of you in the Northern Hemisphere (i.e. about 90% of people) should be able to see Saturn all summer, and anyone with atelescope will be able to see its rings
7. ETA AQUARIDS METEOR SHOWER- Spoiler:
Visible from May 4th through the 7th, but peaking on the 5th & 6th, the visibility of the Eta Aquaridsincreases drastically the further south you go, with up to 60 meteors an hour in the Southern Hemisphere. In Mexico, and the southern US, it is predicted that there will be about 10-20 meteors visible per hour. The best time to view the meteors is an hour or two before dawn on any of these days, with the most meteors expected to fall on the morning of May 5th.
6. ANNULAR SOLAR ECLIPSE- Spoiler:
As we all know, a Solar Eclipse is the opposite of a Lunar Eclipse, in that it is when the moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, casting a shadow on the surface of the Earth. There are two types of solar eclipses: total and annular. This will be an Annular Solar Eclipse, meaning that the Sun will not be totally blocked out, but a ring of it will still be visible. The result, though, is no less impressive than a total eclipse. This year, it will be visible on May 10th, in Australia, New Zealand, the Solomon Islands, and the Central Pacific.
5. VENUS AND JUPITER AT OPPOSITION- Spoiler:
On May 28th, Venus and Jupiter will appear within 1 degree of one another in the sky, with Mercury also visible nearby. Both Venus and Jupiter are extremely bright planets, which is ideal, because they will be setting just before sunset in the West, meaning that if they were darker, they would probably be outshone.
4. PERSEIDS METEOR SHOWER- Spoiler:
This is one of the bigger meteor showers of all, among sky-watching fans. Taking place on August 12th & 13th, the summer weather allows for much clearer viewing than some of the other showers throughout the year. There can be up to 60 meteors every hour, with the best viewing taking place at around 11 PM. A crescent moon will be setting around this time, meaning the meteors won’t be outshone.
3. NEPTUNE AND URANUS AT OPPOSITION- Spoiler:
On August 27th, Neptune will make its closest appearance Earth, and will be illuminated by the Sun. Due to the clear skies we can expect in August, it should be quite visible, as a blue circle in the sky. Uranus, meanwhile, will appear closest to Earth on October 3rd. Due to less clear skies however, powerful telescopes will be required to see the blue-green planet.
2. HYBRID SOLAR ECLIPSE- Spoiler:
A Hybrid Solar Eclipse is one that shifts between total and annular at different points on the Earth. This particular eclipse will take place on November 3rd, beginning at 10:04 (Universal Time,) and ending at 15:28. Unfortunately, it will miss most of North and South America, although it will be visible to some, mainly in parts of the East, just after sunrise. The shadow of the eclipse will cover almost the entire continent of Africa at once, before finishing in Iran.
1. THE GEMINIDS- Spoiler:
The Geminids meteor shower is considered by many to be the greatest and most beautiful shower of all. They produce up to 60 meteors per hour and, unlike many of the other showers throughout the year, these ones are multicolored. Visible from December 6th to the 19th, but peaking from the 13th to the 15th, these meteors are best viewed at midnight, and it is predicted that the show will be spectacular.
INSIDE THE WORLD’S LARGEST CAVE
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Son Ðoòng cave (hang Son Ðoòng, “Mountain River cave” in Vietnamese) is a cave in Phong Nha-K? Bàng National Park, B? Tr?ch district, Qu?ng Bình Province, Vietnam. Currently the biggest cave in the world, the cave is located near the Laos-Vietnam bordere. It has a large fast-flowing underground river inside.
Son Ðoòng Cave was found by a local man named H?-Khanh in 1991. The local jungle men were afraid of the cave for the whistling sound it makes from the underground river. It was not until 2009 that it became public after a group of British scientists from the British Cave Research Association, led by Howard and Deb Limbert, conducted a survey in Phong Nha-K? Bàng from April 10 through April 14, 2009. Their progress was stopped by a large calcite wall.
According to the Limberts, this cave is five times larger than the Phong Nha cave, previously considered the biggest cave in Vietnam. The biggest chamber of Son Ðoòng is more than five kilometers long, 200 meters high, and 150 meters wide. With these dimensions, Son Ðoòng overtakes Deer Cave in Malaysia to take the title of the world’s largest cave.- Spoiler:
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HUBBLE SEES HIDDEN TREASURE IN LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD
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Nearly 200,000 light-years from Earth, the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way, floats in space, in a long and slow dance around our galaxy. Vast clouds of gas within it slowly collapse to form new stars. In turn, these light up the gas clouds in a riot of colors, visible in this image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope.
The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is ablaze with star-forming regions. From the Tarantula Nebula, the brightest stellar nursery in our cosmic neighborhood, to LHA 120-N 11, part of which is featured in this Hubble image, the small and irregular galaxy is scattered with glowing nebulae, the most noticeable sign that new stars are being born.
The LMC is in an ideal position for astronomers to study the phenomena surrounding star formation. It lies in a fortuitous location in the sky, far enough from the plane of the Milky Way that it is neither outshone by too many nearby stars, nor obscured by the dust in the Milky Way’s center. It is also close enough to study in detail (less than a 10th of the distance to the Andromeda Galaxy, the closest spiral galaxy), and lies almost face-on to us, giving us a bird’s eye view.
LHA 120-N 11 (known as N11 for short) is a particularly bright region of the LMC, consisting of several adjacent pockets of gas and star formation. NGC 1769 (in the center of this image) and NGC 1763 are among the brightest parts.
In the center of this image, a dark finger of dust blots out much of the light. While nebulae are mostly made of hydrogen, the simplest and most plentiful element in the universe, dust clouds are home to heavier and more complex elements, which go on to form rocky planets like Earth. Much finer than household dust (it is more like smoke); this interstellar dust consists of material expelled from previous generations of stars as they died.
The data in this image were identified by Josh Lake, an astronomy teacher at Pomfret School in Connecticut, in Hubble's Hidden Treasures image processing competition. The competition invited members of the public to dig out unreleased scientific data from Hubble’s vast archive, and to process them into stunning images.
Josh Lake won first prize in the competition with an image contrasting the light from glowing hydrogen and nitrogen in N11. The image above combines the data he identified with additional exposures taken in blue, green and near infrared light.
The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA
HUBBLE VIEWS A DWARF GALAXY
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The constellation of Ursa Major (The Great Bear) is home to Messier 101, the Pinwheel Galaxy. Messier 101 is one of the biggest and brightest spiral galaxies in the night sky. Like the Milky Way, Messier 101 is not alone, with smaller dwarf galaxies in its neighborhood.
NGC 5477, one of these dwarf galaxies in the Messier 101 group, is the subject of this image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. Without obvious structure, but with visible signs of ongoing star birth, NGC 5477 looks much like an typical dwarf irregular galaxy. The bright nebulae that extend across much of the galaxy are clouds of glowing hydrogen gas in which new stars are forming. These glow pinkish red in real life, although the selection of green and infrared filters through which this image was taken makes them appear almost white.
The observations were taken as part of a project to measure accurate distances to a range of galaxies within about 30 million light-years from Earth, by studying the brightness of red giant stars.
In addition to NGC 5477, the image includes numerous galaxies in the background, including some that are visible right through NGC 5477. This serves as a reminder that galaxies, far from being solid, opaque objects, are actually largely made up of the empty space between their stars.
This image is a combination of exposures taken through green and infrared filters using Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys. The field of view is approximately 3.3 by 3.3 arcminutes.
NASA TELESCOPES SEE WEATHER PATTERNS IN BROWN DWARF
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PASADENA, Calif. -- Astronomers using NASA's Spitzer and Hubble space telescopes have probed the stormy atmosphere of a brown dwarf, creating the most detailed "weather map" yet for this class of cool, star-like orbs. The forecast shows wind-driven, planet-sized clouds enshrouding these strange worlds.
Brown dwarfs form out of condensing gas, as stars do, but lack the mass to fuse hydrogen atoms and produce energy. Instead, these objects, which some call failed stars, are more similar to gas planets with their complex, varied atmospheres. The new research is a stepping-stone toward a better understanding not only of brown dwarfs, but also of the atmospheres of planets beyond our solar system.
"With Hubble and Spitzer, we were able to look at different atmospheric layers of a brown dwarf, similar to the way doctors use medical imaging techniques to study the different tissues in your body," said Daniel Apai, the principal investigator of the research at the University of Arizona in Tucson, who presented the results at the American Astronomical Society meeting Tuesday in Long Beach, Calif.
A study describing the results, led by Esther Buenzli, also of the University of Arizona, is published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.
The researchers turned Hubble and Spitzer simultaneously toward a brown dwarf with the long name of 2MASSJ22282889-431026. They found that its light varied in time, brightening and dimming about every 90 minutes as the body rotated. But more surprising, the team also found the timing of this change in brightness depended on whether they looked using different wavelengths of infrared light.
These variations are the result of different layers or patches of material swirling around the brown dwarf in windy storms as large as Earth itself. Spitzer and Hubble see different atmospheric layers because certain infrared wavelengths are blocked by vapors of water and methane high up, while other infrared wavelengths emerge from much deeper layers.
"Unlike the water clouds of Earth or the ammonia clouds of Jupiter, clouds on brown dwarfs are composed of hot grains of sand, liquid drops of iron, and other exotic compounds," said Mark Marley, research scientist at NASA's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, Calif., and co-author of the paper. "So this large atmospheric disturbance found by Spitzer and Hubble gives a new meaning to the concept of extreme weather."
Buenzli says this is the first time researchers can probe variability at several different altitudes at the same time in the atmosphere of a brown dwarf. "Although brown dwarfs are cool relative to other stars, they are actually hot by earthly standards. This particular object is about 1,100 to 1,300 degrees Fahrenheit (600 to 700 degrees Celsius)," Buenzli said.
"What we see here is evidence for massive, organized cloud systems, perhaps akin to giant versions of the Great Red Spot on Jupiter," said Adam Showman, a theorist at the University of Arizona involved in the research. "These out-of-sync light variations provide a fingerprint of how the brown dwarf's weather systems stack up vertically. The data suggest regions on the brown dwarf where the weather is cloudy and rich in silicate vapor deep in the atmosphere coincide with balmier, drier conditions at higher altitudes -- and vice versa."
Researchers plan to look at the atmospheres of dozens of additional nearby brown dwarfs using Spitzer and Hubble.
"From studies such as this we will learn much about this important class of objects, whose mass falls between that of stars and Jupiter-sized planets," said Glenn Wahlgren, Spitzer program scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington. "This technique will see extensive use when we are able to image individual exoplanets."
SUN DOG also called as a Mock Sun
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A SUN DOG (also called a mock sun) is an atmospheric phenomenon that creates bright spots of light in the sky, often on a luminous ring or halo on either side of the sun. Sun dogs are the product of light passing through crystals. They can be seen anywhere in the world during any season, but they are not always obvious or bright. Sundogs are best seen and are most conspicuous when the sun is low.
Crop Circles : Still An Unsolved Mystery
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Crop circles are patterns that appear in fields. The pattern is created when certain areas of the crops are tamped down, but others are left intact. The edge is so clean that it looks like it was created with a machine. Even though the stalks are bent, they are not damaged. Most of the time, the crop continues to grow as normal.
Farmers have reported fin
ding strange circles in their fields for centuries. The earliest mention of a crop circle dates back to the 1500s. A 17th century English woodcut shows a devilish creature making a crop circle. People who lived in the area called the creature the "mowing devil."By the 1990s, crop circles had become something of a tourist attraction. In 1990 alone, more than 500 circles emerged in Europe. Within the next few years, there were thousands. Visitors came from around the world to see them. Some farmers even charged admission to their mysterious attractions.
Who Makes Crop Circles?
The answer of who or what is creating these crop formations is not an easy one to answer. Some people claim they are the work of UFOs. Others say they are a natura phenomenon. Still others say they are elaborate hoaxes perpetrated by teams of circlemakers.
The Theories -
UFOs and Aliens
Possibly the most controversial theory is that crop circles are the work of visitors from other planets -- sort of like alien calling cards.People who agree with this theory say that the circles are either the imprint left by landing spacecraft or messages brought from afar for us earthlings. Some eyewitnesses claim to have seen UFO-like lights and strange noises emanating from crop circle sites.
Winds
Probably the most scientific theory says that crop circles are created by small currents of swirling winds called vortices (similar to "dust devils"). The spinning columns force a burst of air down to the ground, which flattens the crops. Vortices are common in hilly areas such as parts of southern England.
Dr. Terence Meaden of the Tornado and Storm Research Organization (TORRO) in Wiltshire, England, says the vortices that create crop circles are charged with energy (his idea is called the Plasma Vortex Theory). When dust particles get caught up in the spinning, charged air, they can appear to glow, which may explain the UFO-like glowing lights many witnesses have seen near crop circles.
But the question remains -- how can a few seconds worth of spinning air create such intricate and perfectly defined crop circles?
Aircraft
A few researchers have theorized that small airplanes or helicopters stir up downdrafts that push the crops down into patterns.Recreation attempts so far have not been able to produce the types of downdrafts necessary to make the perfectly round edges seen in most crop circles.
Earth Energy
Some researchers believe that the earth creates its own energy, which forms the circles. One possible form of earth energy is electromagnetic radiation. In fact, scientists have measured strong magnetic fields inside crop circles, and visitors have sometimes reported feeling a tingling sensation in their body while in or near the circles.In the early 1990s, American biophysicist Dr. William Levengood discovered that crops in circles were damaged much in the same way as plants heated in a microwave oven. He proposed the idea that the crops were being rapidly heated from the inside by some kind of microwave energy.
Other researchers say that the energy comes from under the ground or in the soil. Either the energy is natural, such as a fungus that attacks the crops and causes their stems to bend over, or it is a byproduct of something man-made, such as bombs that exploded during World War II.
Humans
The easiest explanation for crop circles is that they are man-made hoaxes, created either for fun or to stump the scientists. Among the most famous hoaxers are the British team of Doug Bower and Dave Chorley, known as "Doug and Dave." In 1991, the duo came out and announced that they had made hundreds of crop circles since 1978.
UFO on Mars? Curiosity images create a flutter!
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NASA's Mars Curiosity rover has captured images that have raised claims of UFO sightings on Mars. The images include one showing a white light moving across the horizon and another showing four blob-like objects hovering in the sky.
Viewers have expressed different opinions about what the blobs might be. According to the Daily Mail, NASA has so far not commented on the blobs but of course, alien hunters claim that they are alien ships monitoring human activity on Mars.
According to YouTube user StephenHannardADGUK, who posted the images to YouTube, members of group called Alien Disclosure UK (ADUK), first spotted the four specks of light on images NASA made available to the public. The brought the images out in relief by applying a series of filters.
StephenHannardADGUK, commenting on the lights, said: "Four objects caught by Mars Curiosity, very difficult to make out on original image so I have used a few filters to highlight. What are these four objects? UFO
The Huffington Post reports that video analyst Marc Dantonia, said the lights are only "dead pixels" in the image. He said that "dead pixels" are a regular occurrence in the world of graphics. He explained that they appear commonly in many computers and mobiles phones as well as in digital cameras. He explained: "After watching the video, it is actually quite clear that these are one-pixel sized image anomalies. I fully concur at this point that these are dead pixels on the imager. All CCD [cameras] have them, and in a bland atmosphere like that at Mars, they would be very obvious as opposed to an active atmosphere like Earth, where they could end up hidden for a long time before anyone noticed them."
In another set of images (see below), a white light appears to be moving across the Martian horizon. Although, the images caused excitement among UFO enthusiasts, NASA experts say they are only blemishes.
NASA's Curiosity rover has captured a strange white light dancing across the horizon of Mars and four blobs hovering in the sky, which UFO hunters claim are alien ships monitoring humans' baby steps into the universe.
While the images are certainly a curiosity, NASA and photography experts insist they are nothing more than blemishes on the images , picked up by the camera lens sitting on the rover. UFO on Mars? Curiosity images create a flutter. Now that Curiosity passed its driving test on Mars, the six-wheel NASA rover set its sights on longer treks.The first test drive around the pebbly Martian crater where it landed was just that — a test drive. The rover edged forward about 15 feet, rotated to a right angle and reversed a short distance, leaving tracks in the rust-tinged soil.Mission managers were elated that Wednesday's maiden trek of the $2.5 billion mission was glitch free . In several days, Curiosity was poised to drive farther to study whether the red planet's environment could have supported life.
The Sailing Stones of Death Valley!
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The Racetrack Playa is a place in Death Valley National Park in California USA. It is a dry lake bed 1130 metres above sea level and some 4.5 Km long. The bed is also incredibly flat with the height differential between the north and south ends being a mere 4cm.When it rains, the dark Dolomite mountains that surround the Racetrack funnel the water onto the lake bed, creating a shallow lake. The incredibly hot temperatures of the area quickly evaporate the lake and cracking the mud to leave a fascinatingly regular mosaic type pattern on the dried lake bed floor.
The track lengths of some of the "Sailing Stones" are incredible.
What are "Sailing Stones"?
The lake bed is also home to some rocks - But these aren't just ordinary rocks - These rocks move. Nobody has ever seen them move, and nobody knows how or why they move - but move they do.
They are known as "Sailing Stones", and when they move, they leave trails and tracks behind them, sometimes hundreds of metres long. Occasionally the tracks take the form of furrows which have been gouged out of the surface mud. Sometimes they will move with other rocks in parallel. Sometimes one or more will change direction abruptly and for no apparent reason. Sometimes the lines are as straight as a rule, other times they curve in large majestic sweeps.The rocks are not all tiny tiddlers either. Some Sailing Stones can weigh as much as a man. the weight of the individual rocks, or the resistance of the surface they are travelling on seems to have no effect on the Sailing Stones ability to move, or the distance they can cover.
"Sailing Stones" Movements
Sailing Stones seem to move only every couple of years, and the courses of the individual tracks can take a number of years to develop. The tracks have no standard direction or length, and the paths of different rocks often cross.Occasionally Sailing Stones will even turn over during their travels, as evidenced by the changes in the tracks they leave behind. Sometimes, two rocks that are similar in weight and size will travel together as "companions" before one rock inexplicably stops and lets it's companion travel on alone.
"Sailing Stones" Theories
One theory suggested by geologists was that Sailing Stones moved by the action of the wind when the ground was still muddy after a deluge. But this does not take into account the fact that the rocks do not all travel in the same direction (which one would assume to be the case if they being pushed by wind), and that they also travel at the height of summer when the ground is baking dry.One of the largest "Sailing Stones" to be studied by geologists was given the name "Karen". This was a 29 by 19 by 20 inch lump of Dolomite weighing 700 pounds that had created a straight track 570 feet long on the dry lake bed. When geologists went to check on Karen in May 1974, they were surprised to discover that the rock had just disappeared!There was no way that the rock could have been stolen or moved artificially because the truck needed to do so would have left it's marks in the soft lake bed surface.A sighting of Karen was claimed to have been made in 1994 some 800 metres away from the playa. The stone was eventually found in 1996 by San Jose Geologist Paul Messina.
And so the mystery of the "Sailing Stones" continues. While theories and guesses about this strange phenomenon abound, it is safe to say that nobody really knows - because nobody has ever seen them move.
This Train will Launch you into Space!
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Getting into space via shuttle is difficult and expensive. So why not take a train? Startram is a magnetic levitation train that could — theoretically — launch people into orbit for a fraction of the cost.
Startram was developed in part by James Powell, one of the inventors of maglev technology. Maglev, if you’re not familiar, is some freaking stupendous train tech — maglev bullet trains can hit speeds of more than 350 miles per hour, making even the HOV lane look pretty silly. Using it for space launches wouldn’t save emissions like most train infrastructure, because it’s not like people are regularly commuting in space shuttles. But it could promote science by slashing the cost of space exploration.
Basically the Startram is a super-long maglev track inside a vacuum tube, which has one end magnetically raised so that a shuttle that shoots from the tube’s end gets fired right into orbit. Because the track is 1,000 miles long, the shuttle has plenty of taxiing time to accelerate to escape velocity, as opposed to a traditional shuttle launch where it has to get all the necessary momentum in one explosive hit.
The Lost City of Atlantis!
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Thousand of years ago Plato wrote an account of an ancient City long forgotten; a thriving, wealthy, peaceful civilization known as Atlantis. In one day and one night it vanished forever under the Atlantic Ocean. Was Atlantis just a myth or a real place?
The city of Atlantis is one of the most historical mysteries. Around 350 BC, Plato was the first to write about this somewhat magical island in two books. The Greek philosopher and teacher described, in great detail, the advanced technology of this ancient place before it suddenly vanished "in a day and a night" beneath the Atlantic Ocean.
Atlantis is the subject of a legend about an advanced island civilization that was destroyed or lost. Stories about Atlantis are first mentioned in Plato's dialogues Timaeus and Critias, in which characters say it was destroyed by an earthquake or a tsunami about 9,000 years before the time in which Plato wrote. The story claims Atlantis was somewhere outside the Pillars of Hercules. According to Plato, the story originated with Ancient Egyptian priests.
Some people believe that the stories are fictions made up to serve the purposes of Plato's dialogs. But others take them as if they were serious historical accounts.
There have been dozens — perhaps hundreds — of locations proposed for the classical Atlantis. Some are more-or-less serious attempts at legitimate scholarly or archaeological works; others have been made by psychic or other pseudoscientific means. As continental drift became better understood and accepted during the 1950s, most "Lost Continent" theories of Atlantis have been proven conclusively false.
Some cultures have "lost civilization" myths. In some cases, it has been argued that there is a common historical event or real "lost civilization" at the root of some or all of these legends, but there is considerable disagreement between the competing hypotheses. It may be that these legends have arisen from many different historical events, and are only just now being associated by modern theorizers because of their similarity. It may also be that these legends are entirely fictional, but for some reason have arisen and remained popular in many different cultures at different times.
Bermuda Triangle Mystery!
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The Bermuda Triangle, also known as the Devil's Triangle, is a region in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean where a number of aircraft and surface vessels are said to have disappeared under mysterious circumstances.
Popular culture has attributed these disappearances to the paranormal or activity by extraterrestrial beings.More than 1000 ships and planes have disappeared in the triangle area over the past five centuries and continue to do so.
You won't find it on any official map and you won't know when you cross the line, but according to some people, the Bermuda Triangle is a very real place where dozen of ships, planes and people have disappeared with no good explanation. Since a magazine first coined the phrase "Bermuda Triangle" in 1964, the mystery has continued to attract attention.
And all these happen when apparently there is no human errors, equipment failures or even natural disasters. Strangely, the ships and aircraft just vanish when everything seems to be okay.
Many believe that Devil is at play here and therefore call the area also as Devil's Triangle.The facts however are quite far from what is generally known or believed to be true. There are many stories and myths created through sheer imagination of writers who have used them rampantly to draw publicity to their books. In many cases, the facts got blurred.
Lost Planes & Ships in Bermuda Triangle
Here are some of the most amazing stories of planes and ships that disappeared while crossing the triangle area.
Flight 19
The disappearance of this entire squadron of 5 US Navy Avengers was considered so extraordinary that it became the impetus for investigating the Bermuda Triangle. In 1962 Allan W. Ekert wrote a sensational piece in the American Legion Magazine. In it he introduced captivating dialogue between the “flight leader” and the “tower.” Legend, truth, myth and error sprang from that article, and to this day many people have a very confused or skewed view of Flight 19, the actual flight, men, the myth and, most importantly, the facts.
U.S. Battleship Goes Missing With 306 on Board
After fueling British ships in the south Atlantic in Brazilian waters, the ship embarked from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on Feb. 16, 1918, came into Barbados in early March and then promptly disappeared completely.The 306 crew and passengers were never heard from again and, while there are many theories, according to the Naval Historical Center, it "is one of the sea's unsolved mysteries."
DC-3 Commercial Flight Vanishes
Capt. Robert Lindquist took off from San Juan with two crew members and 29 passengers heading for Miami.When the plane was 50 miles away from Miami, Lindquist reportedly radioed the Miami airport for landing instructions. The airport's reply was met with silence. The plane was never seen again.According to an investigation by the Civil Aeronautics Board, the plane had electrical difficulties and low battery power. Those findings have not stopped many from blaming supernatural forces on the disappearance.
Panamanian Ship Trades Cargo for Mystery
The Panamanian ship Sylvia L. Ossa was a cargo ship that was a regular near the mysterious waters of the Bermuda Triangle.
But in 1976, the Sylvia L. Ossa fell victim to the mysteries of the triangle when she and her 37-person crew disappeared without a trace.The Coast Guard is reportedly still looking for clues to what happened to the 590-foot ship.
Popular theories solving the mystery
So what caused the ships and aircraft to disappear mysteriously? There have been many research and explorations done to uncover the mystery. There is no single theory that can explain all the incidents. The ships and aircraft have been victims of different circumstances and situations. Things happened very quickly and unexpectedly. While many theories have come out, there are few that come close to solving the Bermuda Triangle Mystery.
Methane Gas --trapped under the sea floor can erupt, as a result can lower the water density and cause ships to sink. Even planes flying over it, can catch fire and get completely destroyed during such gas blowout. Any ships caught within the methane mega-bubble immediately lose all buoyancy and sink to the bottom of the ocean. If the bubbles are big enough and possess a high enough density they can also knock aircraft out of the sky with little or no warning. Aircraft falling victim to these methane bubbles will lose their engines-perhaps igniting the methane surrounding them-and immediately lose their lift as well, ending their flights by diving into the ocean and swiftly plummeting.
Sargasso Sea --is a strange area that has no shores and bounded only by water currents on all sides. The ships passing through it have been stranded and made motionless.
Electronic Fog--a strange thick cloud appears from nowhere and engulfs a ship or a plane. Instruments begin to malfunction, and finally the ship or the aircraft vanishes without a trace. The fog then keeps moving along with the ship or the plane. And soon, all the electronic systems and the instruments start going haywire. Nothing works correctly any longer. And finally the ship or the aircraft disappears without a trace.
So far, all such incidents of electronic fog had been described as supernatural phenomena, or as mere sensational stories from writers wanting to sell their own books on Bermuda Triangle. And there are also theories that took recourse to some supernatural events to explain the disappearances.
If other planets switched places with the Earth's Moon, this is what you would see from Earth.
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This is the Moon
But imagine for a second that the Moon switched places with other planets. This is what you would see (subject to staying alive, of course):
Mars:
Venus:
Uranus:
Neptune:
Saturn:
Jupiter:
Others ;
#Did an Outside Entity Create the Universe?
#Things That Science Can't Explain
#Illuminati Conspiracy
More Topics about Science will be added.
(c) National Aeronautics and Space Administration
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Re: Science Corner ~
Sat Mar 09, 2013 8:55 pm
The Geminids is really interesting, they say the night will be spectacular. Best viewed in Midnight , this is simply amazing. Thanks ...
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Re: Science Corner ~
Sat Mar 09, 2013 9:03 pm
- Spoiler:
- Hyeonnelde wrote:
In this Thread, you can only discuss things that are related to Science.
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Science (from Latin scientia, meaning "knowledge") is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe.
TOP 10 UPCOMING ASTRONOMICAL EVENTS OF 2013- Spoiler:
10. LYRIDS METEOR SHOWER- Spoiler:
Visible between April 16th and the 25th, but peaking between the 21st and 22nd, the Lyrids Meteor Shower takes place at the same time every year. There are usually between 10 & 20 meteors per hour, but there can be up to 100. The trails these meteors leave behind can last for several minutes. The meteors also cause minuscule flakes of comet dust to collide with the atmosphere at 49 kilometers per second, resulting in further streaks of light.
9. PARTIAL LUNAR ECLIPSE- Spoiler:
A lunar eclipse is when the Earth passes directly between the Sun and the Moon, meaning that the moon enters the shadow cast by the Earth. April 25th will only be a partial eclipse, which means that part of the Moon will be in the Penumbra, where some sunlight will reach it (though less than usual,) and part of it will be in the Umbra, where no sunlight will reach it. This eclipse will last 27 minutes, and be visible in Europe, Africa, Asia and Australia.
The second of three Lunar eclipses due to take place in 2013, a Penumbral lunar eclipse, will occur on May 25th. The final lunar eclipse of the year will take place on October 18th, which will also be Penumbral.
8. SATURN AT OPPOSITION- Spoiler:
On April 28th, the Earth will come directly between Saturn and the Sun. This is called Opposition, because Saturn will be directly opposite the Sun in our sky. It will rush in the East at sunset, and set in the west at sunrise. During the night, it will be the brightest object in our sky. While Saturn will be closer to us than usual for all of 2013, this is when it will be clearest in the sky. Those of you in the Northern Hemisphere (i.e. about 90% of people) should be able to see Saturn all summer, and anyone with atelescope will be able to see its rings
7. ETA AQUARIDS METEOR SHOWER- Spoiler:
Visible from May 4th through the 7th, but peaking on the 5th & 6th, the visibility of the Eta Aquaridsincreases drastically the further south you go, with up to 60 meteors an hour in the Southern Hemisphere. In Mexico, and the southern US, it is predicted that there will be about 10-20 meteors visible per hour. The best time to view the meteors is an hour or two before dawn on any of these days, with the most meteors expected to fall on the morning of May 5th.
6. ANNULAR SOLAR ECLIPSE- Spoiler:
As we all know, a Solar Eclipse is the opposite of a Lunar Eclipse, in that it is when the moon passes between the Sun and the Earth, casting a shadow on the surface of the Earth. There are two types of solar eclipses: total and annular. This will be an Annular Solar Eclipse, meaning that the Sun will not be totally blocked out, but a ring of it will still be visible. The result, though, is no less impressive than a total eclipse. This year, it will be visible on May 10th, in Australia, New Zealand, the Solomon Islands, and the Central Pacific.
5. VENUS AND JUPITER AT OPPOSITION- Spoiler:
On May 28th, Venus and Jupiter will appear within 1 degree of one another in the sky, with Mercury also visible nearby. Both Venus and Jupiter are extremely bright planets, which is ideal, because they will be setting just before sunset in the West, meaning that if they were darker, they would probably be outshone.
4. PERSEIDS METEOR SHOWER- Spoiler:
This is one of the bigger meteor showers of all, among sky-watching fans. Taking place on August 12th & 13th, the summer weather allows for much clearer viewing than some of the other showers throughout the year. There can be up to 60 meteors every hour, with the best viewing taking place at around 11 PM. A crescent moon will be setting around this time, meaning the meteors won’t be outshone.
3. NEPTUNE AND URANUS AT OPPOSITION- Spoiler:
On August 27th, Neptune will make its closest appearance Earth, and will be illuminated by the Sun. Due to the clear skies we can expect in August, it should be quite visible, as a blue circle in the sky. Uranus, meanwhile, will appear closest to Earth on October 3rd. Due to less clear skies however, powerful telescopes will be required to see the blue-green planet.
2. HYBRID SOLAR ECLIPSE- Spoiler:
A Hybrid Solar Eclipse is one that shifts between total and annular at different points on the Earth. This particular eclipse will take place on November 3rd, beginning at 10:04 (Universal Time,) and ending at 15:28. Unfortunately, it will miss most of North and South America, although it will be visible to some, mainly in parts of the East, just after sunrise. The shadow of the eclipse will cover almost the entire continent of Africa at once, before finishing in Iran.
1. THE GEMINIDS- Spoiler:
The Geminids meteor shower is considered by many to be the greatest and most beautiful shower of all. They produce up to 60 meteors per hour and, unlike many of the other showers throughout the year, these ones are multicolored. Visible from December 6th to the 19th, but peaking from the 13th to the 15th, these meteors are best viewed at midnight, and it is predicted that the show will be spectacular.
INSIDE THE WORLD’S LARGEST CAVE- Spoiler:
Son Ðoòng cave (hang Son Ðoòng, “Mountain River cave” in Vietnamese) is a cave in Phong Nha-K? Bàng National Park, B? Tr?ch district, Qu?ng Bình Province, Vietnam. Currently the biggest cave in the world, the cave is located near the Laos-Vietnam bordere. It has a large fast-flowing underground river inside.
Son Ðoòng Cave was found by a local man named H?-Khanh in 1991. The local jungle men were afraid of the cave for the whistling sound it makes from the underground river. It was not until 2009 that it became public after a group of British scientists from the British Cave Research Association, led by Howard and Deb Limbert, conducted a survey in Phong Nha-K? Bàng from April 10 through April 14, 2009. Their progress was stopped by a large calcite wall.
According to the Limberts, this cave is five times larger than the Phong Nha cave, previously considered the biggest cave in Vietnam. The biggest chamber of Son Ðoòng is more than five kilometers long, 200 meters high, and 150 meters wide. With these dimensions, Son Ðoòng overtakes Deer Cave in Malaysia to take the title of the world’s largest cave.- Spoiler:
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HUBBLE SEES HIDDEN TREASURE IN LARGE MAGELLANIC CLOUD- Spoiler:
Nearly 200,000 light-years from Earth, the Large Magellanic Cloud, a satellite galaxy of the Milky Way, floats in space, in a long and slow dance around our galaxy. Vast clouds of gas within it slowly collapse to form new stars. In turn, these light up the gas clouds in a riot of colors, visible in this image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope.
The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is ablaze with star-forming regions. From the Tarantula Nebula, the brightest stellar nursery in our cosmic neighborhood, to LHA 120-N 11, part of which is featured in this Hubble image, the small and irregular galaxy is scattered with glowing nebulae, the most noticeable sign that new stars are being born.
The LMC is in an ideal position for astronomers to study the phenomena surrounding star formation. It lies in a fortuitous location in the sky, far enough from the plane of the Milky Way that it is neither outshone by too many nearby stars, nor obscured by the dust in the Milky Way’s center. It is also close enough to study in detail (less than a 10th of the distance to the Andromeda Galaxy, the closest spiral galaxy), and lies almost face-on to us, giving us a bird’s eye view.
LHA 120-N 11 (known as N11 for short) is a particularly bright region of the LMC, consisting of several adjacent pockets of gas and star formation. NGC 1769 (in the center of this image) and NGC 1763 are among the brightest parts.
In the center of this image, a dark finger of dust blots out much of the light. While nebulae are mostly made of hydrogen, the simplest and most plentiful element in the universe, dust clouds are home to heavier and more complex elements, which go on to form rocky planets like Earth. Much finer than household dust (it is more like smoke); this interstellar dust consists of material expelled from previous generations of stars as they died.
The data in this image were identified by Josh Lake, an astronomy teacher at Pomfret School in Connecticut, in Hubble's Hidden Treasures image processing competition. The competition invited members of the public to dig out unreleased scientific data from Hubble’s vast archive, and to process them into stunning images.
Josh Lake won first prize in the competition with an image contrasting the light from glowing hydrogen and nitrogen in N11. The image above combines the data he identified with additional exposures taken in blue, green and near infrared light.
The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA
HUBBLE VIEWS A DWARF GALAXY- Spoiler:
The constellation of Ursa Major (The Great Bear) is home to Messier 101, the Pinwheel Galaxy. Messier 101 is one of the biggest and brightest spiral galaxies in the night sky. Like the Milky Way, Messier 101 is not alone, with smaller dwarf galaxies in its neighborhood.
NGC 5477, one of these dwarf galaxies in the Messier 101 group, is the subject of this image from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope. Without obvious structure, but with visible signs of ongoing star birth, NGC 5477 looks much like an typical dwarf irregular galaxy. The bright nebulae that extend across much of the galaxy are clouds of glowing hydrogen gas in which new stars are forming. These glow pinkish red in real life, although the selection of green and infrared filters through which this image was taken makes them appear almost white.
The observations were taken as part of a project to measure accurate distances to a range of galaxies within about 30 million light-years from Earth, by studying the brightness of red giant stars.
In addition to NGC 5477, the image includes numerous galaxies in the background, including some that are visible right through NGC 5477. This serves as a reminder that galaxies, far from being solid, opaque objects, are actually largely made up of the empty space between their stars.
This image is a combination of exposures taken through green and infrared filters using Hubble's Advanced Camera for Surveys. The field of view is approximately 3.3 by 3.3 arcminutes.
NASA TELESCOPES SEE WEATHER PATTERNS IN BROWN DWARF- Spoiler:
PASADENA, Calif. -- Astronomers using NASA's Spitzer and Hubble space telescopes have probed the stormy atmosphere of a brown dwarf, creating the most detailed "weather map" yet for this class of cool, star-like orbs. The forecast shows wind-driven, planet-sized clouds enshrouding these strange worlds.
Brown dwarfs form out of condensing gas, as stars do, but lack the mass to fuse hydrogen atoms and produce energy. Instead, these objects, which some call failed stars, are more similar to gas planets with their complex, varied atmospheres. The new research is a stepping-stone toward a better understanding not only of brown dwarfs, but also of the atmospheres of planets beyond our solar system.
"With Hubble and Spitzer, we were able to look at different atmospheric layers of a brown dwarf, similar to the way doctors use medical imaging techniques to study the different tissues in your body," said Daniel Apai, the principal investigator of the research at the University of Arizona in Tucson, who presented the results at the American Astronomical Society meeting Tuesday in Long Beach, Calif.
A study describing the results, led by Esther Buenzli, also of the University of Arizona, is published in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.
The researchers turned Hubble and Spitzer simultaneously toward a brown dwarf with the long name of 2MASSJ22282889-431026. They found that its light varied in time, brightening and dimming about every 90 minutes as the body rotated. But more surprising, the team also found the timing of this change in brightness depended on whether they looked using different wavelengths of infrared light.
These variations are the result of different layers or patches of material swirling around the brown dwarf in windy storms as large as Earth itself. Spitzer and Hubble see different atmospheric layers because certain infrared wavelengths are blocked by vapors of water and methane high up, while other infrared wavelengths emerge from much deeper layers.
"Unlike the water clouds of Earth or the ammonia clouds of Jupiter, clouds on brown dwarfs are composed of hot grains of sand, liquid drops of iron, and other exotic compounds," said Mark Marley, research scientist at NASA's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, Calif., and co-author of the paper. "So this large atmospheric disturbance found by Spitzer and Hubble gives a new meaning to the concept of extreme weather."
Buenzli says this is the first time researchers can probe variability at several different altitudes at the same time in the atmosphere of a brown dwarf. "Although brown dwarfs are cool relative to other stars, they are actually hot by earthly standards. This particular object is about 1,100 to 1,300 degrees Fahrenheit (600 to 700 degrees Celsius)," Buenzli said.
"What we see here is evidence for massive, organized cloud systems, perhaps akin to giant versions of the Great Red Spot on Jupiter," said Adam Showman, a theorist at the University of Arizona involved in the research. "These out-of-sync light variations provide a fingerprint of how the brown dwarf's weather systems stack up vertically. The data suggest regions on the brown dwarf where the weather is cloudy and rich in silicate vapor deep in the atmosphere coincide with balmier, drier conditions at higher altitudes -- and vice versa."
Researchers plan to look at the atmospheres of dozens of additional nearby brown dwarfs using Spitzer and Hubble.
"From studies such as this we will learn much about this important class of objects, whose mass falls between that of stars and Jupiter-sized planets," said Glenn Wahlgren, Spitzer program scientist at NASA Headquarters in Washington. "This technique will see extensive use when we are able to image individual exoplanets."
More Topics about Science will be added.
(c) National Aeronautics and Space Administration
- xBRSStraw Hat Pirate
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Re: Science Corner ~
Sat Mar 09, 2013 9:06 pm
@animemangaka*** : I agree , hehe ..
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Re: Science Corner ~
Sat Mar 09, 2013 9:45 pm
genius .. 
the aurora borealis is the sun’s rays scattered off ice crystals in the high atmosphere right?
the aurora borealis is the sun’s rays scattered off ice crystals in the high atmosphere right?
- HyeonneldeAdministrator
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Re: Science Corner ~
Sat Mar 09, 2013 9:57 pm
BRS★ wrote:
The Geminids is really interesting, they say the night will be spectacular. Best viewed in Midnight , this is simply amazing. Thanks ...
You're welcome ! /wave
animemangaka*** wrote:
your really an intelligent guy...
Thanks to NASA I learned all of that . haha
- R I N wrote:genius ..
the aurora borealis is the sun’s rays scattered off ice crystals in the high atmosphere right?
the light of the aurora borealis ay nabuo more than 100km above Earth’s surface as a solar flare or coronal mass ejection collide with air molecules in the upper atmosphere.
and yung mga color green and pale red for oxygen and crimson for nitrogen .. if not mistaken
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Re: Science Corner ~
Wed Mar 13, 2013 10:38 pm
wow nakzzz. dami ko natutunan!!!
RanzerAdministrator Ranzer- Posts : 2774
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Re: Science Corner ~
Thu Mar 14, 2013 12:21 pm
Any news about the habitable planet they are trying to discovers?
- HyeonneldeAdministrator
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Re: Science Corner ~
Thu Mar 14, 2013 8:28 pm
johncarlo.estrada.1 wrote:Any news about the habitable planet they are trying to discovers?
Nope, not yet .. but I have read an article related to that . I remembered Planet Kepler 22B (If i'm not mistaken?) , it's an Earth-like planet located at the habitable zone .. I don't know the other details yet . better go search for it
- RanzerAdministrator Ranzer
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Re: Science Corner ~
Fri Mar 15, 2013 1:53 pm
That's good to know at least there's something they discover.
- HyeonneldeAdministrator
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Re: Science Corner ~
Fri Mar 15, 2013 6:47 pm
johncarlo.estrada.1 wrote:That's good to know at least there's something they discover.
Yup !
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Re: Science Corner ~
Fri Mar 15, 2013 10:44 pm
Why are they always in the north and south pole anyways?- R I N wrote:genius ..
the aurora borealis is the sun’s rays scattered off ice crystals in the high atmosphere right?
- alien123Shinigami Badge Holder
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Re: Science Corner ~
Fri Mar 15, 2013 10:52 pm
kepler 22b is an earth like planet around 600 lightyears away from earth. 2.4 times earth's radius. compared to earth's distance to the sun, it's 15% farther and 25% colder please correct me if anything's wrongHyeonnelde wrote:johncarlo.estrada.1 wrote:Any news about the habitable planet they are trying to discovers?
Nope, not yet .. but I have read an article related to that . I remembered Planet Kepler 22B (If i'm not mistaken?) , it's an Earth-like planet located at the habitable zone .. I don't know the other details yet . better go search for it
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Re: Science Corner ~
Fri Mar 15, 2013 11:21 pm
Thanks to you ! I really learned a lot.
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Re: Science Corner ~
Sat Mar 16, 2013 12:46 am
alien123 wrote:Why are they always in the north and south pole anyways?- R I N wrote:genius ..
the aurora borealis is the sun’s rays scattered off ice crystals in the high atmosphere right?
Hyeonnelde wrote:the light of the aurora borealis ay nabuo more than 100km above Earth’s surface as a solar flare or coronal mass ejection collide with air molecules in the upper atmosphere.
and yung mga color green and pale red for oxygen and crimson for nitrogen .. if not mistaken
It's because of the magnetic field created by the earth I think. The color is because each level consist of different elements as said.
Nuke TellerDango Lover- Posts : 763
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Re: Science Corner ~
Sat Mar 16, 2013 3:01 am
hmmmm Interesting...i would learn more something in here...than reading manga....
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Re: Science Corner ~
Sat Mar 16, 2013 10:21 am
alien123 wrote:Why are they always in the north and south pole anyways?- R I N wrote:genius ..
the aurora borealis is the sun’s rays scattered off ice crystals in the high atmosphere right?
The particles interact with the edges of the earth's magnetic field and kung nag co-collide na sila with the gases sa ionosphere, the particles glow creating curtains of blue, green and magenta.
RESEARCH : An Aurora Australis or an Aurora Borealis occurs when streams of particles from the sun's solar winds hit the earth's atmosphere at an angle (as can only happen at the poles).
An aurora is sometimes accompanied by a crackling sound.
Both aurora appear around the polar regions.
The Aurora Australis appears around Antarctica and the Aurora Borealis appears around the Arctic.
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Re: Science Corner ~
Sat Mar 16, 2013 2:56 pm
Nuke Teller wrote:hmmmm Interesting...i would learn more something in here...than reading manga....
I know right
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Re: Science Corner ~
Wed Apr 10, 2013 5:52 am
Thanks!
i liked it!
maka siyensa din ako :D
i liked it!
maka siyensa din ako :D
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Re: Science Corner ~
Wed Apr 10, 2013 7:24 am
My favorite subject 
- HyeonneldeAdministrator
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Re: Science Corner ~
Thu Apr 11, 2013 1:33 pm
| Updated! |
iKazuto-KunDango Lover- Posts : 718
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Re: Science Corner ~
Sun Apr 14, 2013 2:06 pm
Kewl~~!! :DD thnx for this sir, one of my Fav subject :crazy:
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